Americas

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Following their independence from Spain, all former territories adopted LMU coinage — some for a limited time. Only Venezuela and the Danish West Indies (today’s U.S. Virgin Islands) adopted the LMU standard directly. The other countries all match at a 1 to 5 ratio.

Several countries listed here could be better included in the colonial page (Danish West Indies, Puerto Rico).

Similarly, the United States adopted the Napoleonic standard in 1873 for its subsidiary silver coinage (excluding gold and the one dollar coin) until silver coinage was debased and ultimately removed. The timing was unusual because by this time France had adopted the LMU standard for subsidary coinage, which debased the fineness from 0.9 under the Napoleonic standard to 0.835.

add Hawaii##?